India
has shifted on its axis and elected a Supreme Leader after a democratic
process that has been described as one of the wonders of the world.
Narendra Modi will be the prime minister of the country following an
emphatic mandate that marks the end of coalition politics. Even within
his own party and parivar, it will be He who will prevail, leaving
little room for those quiet manoeuvres and petty competitions that the
BJP has been known for. The nation was first given a campaign that was
extraordinary in its focus on one man, and then lo and behold, defying
even the most optimistic estimates of his own party, Narendra Modi has
turned the pitch into reality. He created the wave, with media and
advertising acting as force multipliers, and then he deftly rode it to a
stupendous victory.
Political scientists and commentators will have to reboot their minds
and think of a new vocabulary and constructs for understanding the
dramatic changes in the nation. The cardinal principles of coalitions
and consensus so far applied to understanding politics will be nothing
more than slogans. The cult of “Absolute” leadership will have to be
understood more carefully, truly a remarkable phenomena in a nation as
large and diverse as India. Modi was bowling to a new India that he
seemed to understand. At his first speech post his victory, he said
quite pointedly that a government is not for “vishesh people”
(privileged people) and that he was a “mazdoor who will serve the people
without a vacation”. He certainly represents the arrival of the
pan-Indian subaltern hero, who breaks traditional barriers, even as big
corporates celebrate his victory and the stockmarkets boom.
A very different kind of subaltern hero from those produced in the
Mandal era that has truly passed with the complete devastation suffered
by Mayawati’s Bahujan Samaj Party and the poor showing by Mulayam Singh
Yadav’s Samajwadi Party, Nitish Kumar’s Janata Dal (United) and Laloo
Prasad Yadav’s Rashtriya Janata Dal. In the days to come, there will be
many analyses of whether the Modi campaign overcame traditional caste
divisions. It must also be asked whether the entire process of “secular”
mobilisation by a slew of parties based on presuming and stoking great
fear in a section of the population will have to be re-examined.
Equally dramatic has been the utter collapse of the Congress. A
Congress-mukt Bharat, something that Modi would often say in his
speeches, has almost come to pass, with the Rahul Gandhi-led party
receiving the sort of drubbing it may not recover from in a hurry.
Sources also suggest that with the Nehru-Gandhi family’s stock falling
this low and with Modi getting so much of the national vote, he will not
hesitate to let the investigative agencies examine the Robert Vadra
land acquisitions. Sources say that Modi feels he was hounded by the
ruling establishment in Delhi for over a decade and he is a man who does
not forget or forgive easily. As a BJP leader explains, “He will
actually do nothing himself. But the bureaucracy will act in ways that
would make Vadra squirm and the Congress first family very, very
uncomfortable.”
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| Given the sort of mandate Modi has got, he could well realise the parivar dream of making the Nehru-Gandhis irrelevant. |
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Indeed,
there is so much focus on Hindutva but less on one of the cardinal
ideological positions of the BJP that involves smashing the Nehruvian
socialist secular consensus and the principle of dynasty. Atal Behari
Vajpayee was not temperamentally inclined to do that. Modi is both
inclined and in a position to do just that. Given the sort of mandate he
has received, he could actually translate into reality the parivar
fantasy of reducing the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty to irrelevance. The
Congress may not altogether expire in national politics, but it could
from now onwards be breathing oxygen only in states where it has a real
base and traditional leaders and not via the lifeline of a particular
family.
The BJP/RSS too must now confront a parivar crisis of a different
sort. There is no doubt that Modi will appear to be gracious and will do
the routine calling on the RSS chief and senior leaders of the BJP. But
no one shall now presume to dictate any terms to him. The Sangh would
have liked to be in control of this victory. But the stark reality is:
the RSS always existed but was often rendered irrelevant (even during
phases in Vajpayee’s reign). Yes, the footsoldiers did get charged up
and step out for Modi. But their importance should not be overstated.
None of their exertions would have delivered had Modi not crafted an
incredible campaign that at times seemed like an overkill. As it turned
out, it clicked in a country where prices were soaring and the central
leadership appeared to have all but abandoned the ship. It is an old
thesis that the idea of a strong, muscular leader clicks partially well
when a nation is apparently adrift.
Jaya He: A supporter in a Jaya mask bursts crackers on AIADMK’s showing in TN
Now that we are back to single-party rule, embodied in the figure of
one leader, what of the “160 club” in the BJP? It is no secret that a
section of the RSS and many BJP leaders were hoping for a modest win,
just upwards of the BJP’s 1999 record of 182 seats that would have left
Modi dependent on allies and his own ideological parivar and party
colleagues. In fact, a day before the counting, a senior BJP leader was
rubbishing the exit polls and forecasting not more than 180 seats. Now,
those who were overtly and covertly anti-Modi in the BJP have no hand to
play beyond hoping that they are included in the cabinet. They will be a
chastened lot and will no doubt struggle to stay relevant.
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| Going by his Gujarat rule, Modi will work through bureaucrats. He’ll consult technocrats, but the decisions will be his. |
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They
could not find any consolation in the fact that this win will be
remembered as that of Modi’s alone and no one else’s. It is, therefore,
elementary to deduce that after losing all importance in the second term
of Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) will be
all-powerful once more. And if Modi’s Gujarat reign is an indicator of
what could be his governance model, then he will work through the
bureaucrats and not allow traditional political power centres to come
up. Technocrats will be consulted (the names of two bankers are doing
the rounds for the critical post of finance minister) but the decisions
will be Modi’s—and he has a good grasp of economic details and is known
to have a head for data and figures.
The RSS will be around hoping for some crumbs from the high table of
the new PM but they would also remember the manner in which Modi had
shown their state unit and the VHP their place in Gujarat. (There is no
love lost, for instance, between the VHP’s Pravin Togadia or the RSS’s
Sanjay Joshi who Modi destroyed but the Sangh kept trying to
rehabilitate). Such inner tensions would remain. Still, Modi is a former
pracharak who makes no secret of his ideological leanings. Now that
he’s in for a stable five-year term, the RSS would at the very least be
focusing on changes in history textbooks and curriculum. Not very
different from what Murli Manohar Joshi attempted as HRD minister in
the Vajpayee era.
The Lady Ducked: A deserted BSP office in Lucknow. (Photograph by Nirala Tripathi)
In the ideological pole of the BJP, if Vajpayee stood at one end,
Modi is at the other. In his own party, it had been argued that he was
too hardline and divisive to ever prevail on India. He has proven all
the sceptics wrong and changed the rules of the game. In the history of
the BJP, which begins with its formation in 1980, he will now be
remembered as the significant leader who took them to single-party rule.
The theory that “only a Vajpayee” could do it has been proved quite
bogus by a man who flaunts his backward caste credentials. Certainly, it
cannot be ignored that Modi also represents an end to the Brahmin
hegemony within both the RSS and the BJP.
He did so by running a blockbuster campaign that was presidential in
its scope. Popular BJP chief ministers in some states would have surely
helped but let there be no doubt that it was the will, drive, ambition
and resources Modi raised that made this possible. This is most clearly
seen in the structures he created independent of the formal BJP-RSS that
worked on his entire campaign, its planning, nuancing and emphasis—all
but execution. Says marketing expert Sunil Alagh, who is believed to
have helped build Brand Modi, “Vox Populi Veni Modi Vici.” Alagh is
typical of the Modi followers: not a member of the BJP but a follower of
Modi. The NaMo insiders have every reason to rejoice as they gave India
a campaign that has now culminated in the Supreme Leader of their
dreams becoming a reality in the world’s largest democracy.
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| With his backward caste credentials, Modi also represents an end to Brahmin hegemony in the RSS-BJP. |
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Modi
himself was a tireless campaigner. He spoke a different language in
different places and emphasised on a local point (see Different Folks,
Different strokes, page 46). And we must now conclude that he knew
exactly what he was doing when he pressed certain hot buttons with
rhetoric about infiltrators and “pink revolution” in Assam and West
Bengal. The BJP has made a dramatic appearance in eastern India and
produced both seats and voteshares in Assam, West Bengal and Orissa,
besides improving on its traditional presence in Bihar. Modi addressed
up to five rallies a day and in far-flung areas where traditional
strategists thought the BJP had no chance of winning seats. They were
wrong; Modi’s instincts were emphatically proven to be right.
Didi Rules: TMC supporters erupt in joy at the party’s tally in West Bengal. (Photograph by Sandipan Chatterjee)
As he heads into the future, it will be the economic agenda that will
be Modi’s focus, but just in case a certain ideological emphasis is
required here or there in various assembly elections, be assured that
Modi can deliver. Across the world, men and women who emerge as strong
right-wing leaders do so when they emphasise a certain nationalism
underpinned by carefully controlled sectarianism. Yet such leaders are
also seen as agents of dramatic change and most crucially as economic
reformers. Says BJP spokesperson Ravi Shankar Prasad, “It’ is strong
personalities who inspire people in this media-driven age in both states
and the Centre. That’s one important facet of the appeal of Modi’s
leadership.”
Now the floodgates of opportunity have opened up for the BJP. With
such a win at the Centre, unstable state governments surviving on the
support of independents such as those in Bihar and Jharkhand will slowly
start to collapse. In West Bengal, the Left debacle implies that the
anti-Mamata vote will possibly gravitate towards the BJP. In the
Assam-Bengal swathe, one can imagine the BJP as a growing force, its
very premise of mobilisation emerging from the springboard of the
existence of large minority populations. Equally, the BJP has marked its
presence in the south, even as it has crossed new barriers in Uttar
Pradesh. Under Modi, it has truly become an all-India party.
India has indeed shifted on its axis.
