From: The Independent (UK)
Not even Sir Salman Rushdie's image on video managed to appear at the Jaipur literary festival this week. What a dismal saga this has been. First, a non-existent "plot" against his life concocted by the Rajasthan security forces led to his withdrawal from the programme – sparing the organisers the hassle of protests, but compromising their reputation.
Then – the one bright spot – five authors at the festival chose to read from The Satanic Verses during their events in an "I am Spartacus!" gesture of solidarity: hats off to Hari Kunzru, Jeet Thayil, Ruchir Joshi, Amitava Kumar and S Anand. Having risked arrest (Rushdie's novel remains banned in India), Kunzru had to flee the country. Sadly, the festival organisers betrayed their brave guests and meekly bowed down to a deeply flawed law. Finally, even the face-saving gambit of a video-link interview was scuppered.
In all the defensive rhetoric from Jaipur about the need to calm communal tensions, I have yet to hear the name of Narendra Modi. Who? For a decade, Modi, who has an extreme Hindu nationalist background, has been the populist chief minister of the neighbouring state of Gujarat. In 2002, after an attack on a train carrying Hindu pilgrims, retaliation against Muslims in the state led to a pogrom that claimed around 1200 lives. If he did not encourage the blood-letting, then Modi certainly downplayed the massacres. (Raj Kamal Jha has written a graphic and harrowing novel about them, Fireproof.)
Formal enquiries have cleared Modi of active incitement. Last year, though, it emerged that a Special Investigation Team (SIT) of India's Supreme Court had in a report laid out a dozen counts against him of failing to halt the killings or to recognise their gravity. So Rushdie has to stay away from Rajasthan on the trumped-up grounds that his presence will inflame Muslims; while, over the border in Gujarat, a demagogue turns a blind eye – with impunity, so it seems - to the real mass murder of Muslims.
As Hanif Kureishi recalls (see page 25), the myth – if not the actual text – of The Satanic Verses has for 22 years now acted like salt on open wounds. The book did not cause those wounds, nor by itself do anything to deepen them. But it still has the power to make otherwise sensible people lose their heads. Which makes it well-nigh impossible to find a discussion of the novel, and the controversies, that does not merely dig a deeper trench on one side or the other.
Yet you will come across just such a fresh eye, and a clear perspective, in Sadakat Kadri's new book Heaven and Earth (Bodley Head, £20). Learned, level-headed, engaging, Kadri's "journey through Shari'a law" deserves praise on every front as the London human-rights lawyer tours the places – from Cordoba to Cairo, Deoband to Lahore – and the ideas that have shaped the multi-dimensional, ever-changing traditions of Islamic jurisprudence. Our wise guide, the son of a father from the flexible, eclectic Barelvi strain of Subcontinental Islam, finds that the kinds of Shari'a now trumpeted by theocrats and militants always owe more to human arrogance than to divine inspiration.
"Islamic intolerance is objectionable," he argues, "because of its toxic effects on Islam's own traditions." With weary sadness, he regrets that "societies that used to be oceans of diversity are sinking into sectarian swamps" in the name of modern, unhistorical dogmas.
Kadri also explores the apocryphal "story of the cranes" - the disputed passages that underlie the legend of the "Satanic verses" on which Rushdie's novel drew. He finds that, far from always being treated as a heretical fabrication bound to provoke or disturb believers, "several scholars of great standing actually accepted the story's truth" – from the Damascus jurist Ibn Taymiyya to the Sufi mystic Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani. Yet, from Lucknow to Karachi, our voyager finds today's hard-line Shari'a specialists in no mood to accept the validity of this tradition.
Kadri never ceases to remind us that, in subtlety and scope, Muslim law "outshone Christendom for almost a millennium". He dissects and denounces "anti-Islamic panic" in the West. And he closes with a warning that should echo from Utah to Jaipur: "mortals can only fail when they play God in the here-and-now". That goes for all of us.
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